【摘要】
在基督教整體的發展沿革中，教會的建築形式、建築上所使用的造型語彙、建築材料的運用、結構形式技術的創新，可藉由建築形式所展現的面貌而探究其時代背景及改變因素，而完全明白的顯現出來，其實就某種程度而言，即為產生空間認知差異的原因。
以台中地區教會發展歷史最為悠久的柳原基督長老教會為研究對象，經現地實證研究結果，探討人與環境互動中，人對空間所產生心理層面的感知，因環境、空間、文化背景及建築型態的不同，導致使用者對於教會建築內涵會有不同的空間認知結果。本研究方法由相關文獻及現地實證研究方式，以聖經中詞彙蒐集作為質化研究之主要依據，整理出空間認知形容詞彙，並配合量化方式，利用SPSS軟體進行資料統計分析，結合質化與量化方法探討。
經現地實證研究評估結果顯示，全體受測者對柳原教會建築的整體認知可以歸納出四類基本空間認知因素，其中以「有趣的—活潑的」的認知感受最為強烈，其次為「安寧的—祥和的」，再其次為「神聖的—自由的」，而以「神秘的—高聳的」認知因素感受最弱。
綜合本研究分析，柳原教會建築給予教友與非教友的空間認知並不一致，教友對於教會建築的空間認知因素為正向認知，而非教友對四類基本認知之因素則為負向認知，得知宗教文化背景的不同，對於教會建築空間的認知是具有明顯的差異存在的。且受測者之不同屬性亦會影響空間認知結果。
由群眾對教會建築的認知結果，顯示受測者對不同的空間環境會有不同的空間認知，因此教會建築型態及建築語彙構成會影響空間認知的結果，研究中針對建築空間尺度、材質與色彩、光之情境、建築立面元素等項目探討，對應至建築與空間設計之中，提供設計者對於建築設計上的理念與設計手法之運用。
關鍵詞：基督教、教會建築、空間認知、柳原基督長老教會
【Abstract】
In the successive evolution
and development of Christianity, the genre of church architectures,
the terms of architecture modeling, the performing of construction
materials and the innovation of structure technique can be obviously
discovered through observing the architecture and studying its
history background and evolution elements. In another factor to
some certain degree, they are the reasons of divergence in spatial
cognition.
The research target of this
study is Liu-Yuan Presbyterian Church that has the long-standing
history in Christianity development in Taichung Area. Through
on-site investigation into the interaction between people and
environment, into the psychological recognition that brought forth
to people by space, we learn how environment, space, culture
background and different architecture genre conduce different
spatial recognition to people who use the church. This study is
processed with referring to concerning documentations and collecting
on-site information, and is converted to quantative research base on
terms and vocabulary in Bible. We put in order the adjectives of
spatial recognition and then analyze the statistics with SPSS
software and conduct the research with both qualitative and
quantitative aspects.
From testing the general
idea about Liu-Yuan Presbyterian Church from interviewees, we
generalize four types of spatial recognition elements. Among them
“interesting – vigorous” obtains the strongest recognition,
“peaceful – auspicious” the second, then “holy – free”, and
“mysterious – highly straight up” gains the weakest recognition.
Integrating this research
and analyzing the data information we found that the spatial
recognition Liu-Yuan Presbyterian Church brings forth to Christians
and non-Christians are identically the same. While Christians
perceive positive spatial recognition to church architecture,
non-Christians make out negative recognition. From this
dissimilarity we learn that people from different religion belief
and culture discern understandable spatial recognition to church
architecture. In addition, people from different fields might have
different points of view toward the spatial recognition.
Concluding from the
recognition obtained from the masses we learn that different
environment provide different spatial recognition to different
groups of people, therefore genre and terms of church architecture
bring different influence to spatial recognition. In this research,
probe to the yardstick of architecture space, materials and colors,
circumstances of light and the elements of the architecture vertical
aspects should be reflected on the architecture and space design and
provide designers ideas using on performing their rational concepts
and technique.
